To translate: http://world.altavista.com/

I.                   Geography of Greece

A.    Mountains divide Greece into separate valleys.

1.      Separation/ Isolation of small communities.

2.      Land not good for farming

3.      Makes unification difficult

B.    Peninsula surrounded by water- Ionian Aegean and Crete Seas

1.      Connected Greeks to the world- trade (oil, wine, ect..) Rome Egypt Spain

2.      Greeks became skilled sailors/ fishermen

II.                Development of Civilization

A.    City- states small independent cities with their own form of law and government.

1.      Sparta society based on

a.      Soldiers

b.      Military

c.       Warfare

2.      Athens Society based on education

a.      Limited democracy

 I. Contributions of Ancient Greece

A. Architecture

1. Greeks used stone columns to support heavy stone roofs in their temples

(Ex. Ionic and Doric styles.) Many government buildings still use this style of

building today.

B. Mathematics

1.Pythagoras and Euclid helped to develop geometry- the study of angles

C. Government

1. Athens, a Greek city-state, developed an early form of democracy. (Government of

the people by the people) that America has imitated.

D. Medicine

1. Hippocrates showed that diseases had natural rather than magical or religious

causes

E. Literature

1. Greek authors such as Homer, wrote lengthy stories about heroes, that Continue to inspire books and movies today (Ex. Rambo)

2. Authors like Euripides developed tragedies (sad stories). These later influenced writers such as Shakespeare (Romeo and Juliet) as well as modern

Writers.

I.                    Alexander the Great

A.    Early Childhood

1.      Son of Greek Macedonian king-Philip II determined to prove himself to his father. (may have had his dad assassinated)

B.     Builder of a Huge Empire

1.      Conquered Persian Empire to the east of Greece as well as parts of Asia and Africa. Wanted to conquer the whole world.

2.      Those enemies that surrendered without a fight were treated with mercy and kindness; those that resisted and fought were brutally destroyed.

C.    Accomplishments

1.      Hellenization- spread Greek culture and learning to conquered areas

2.      Cultural diffusion-spread Asian/African ideas into Greek society.

D.    Death

1. At age 33, died of alcoholism? Malaria? Broken heart after his army refused to fight any more.